Any 5 Environmental Laws in India

For the Mughal rulers, the forest meant nothing more than forests where they could hunt. The history of medieval India is dominated by Muslim rulers, where no significant development of environmental jurisprudence took place except during the reign of the Mughal emperor Akbar. During Akbar`s reign, with the exception of rulers, others were forbidden to hunt or shikar. But in the Middle Ages, no major initiative took place to prevent environmental protection and the conservation of natural resources, as rulers were only interested in war, religious expansion, and empire-building. Apart from the fact that “royal trees” that enjoyed patronage were cut down with the exception of a royalty, there were no restrictions on the felling of other trees, hunting animals, etc. Forests have steadily decreased in size during this period. Apart from international laws, all countries have enacted laws on environmental protection, pollution control, etc. In India, there are several environmental protection laws that state that environmental protection is the duty of the government. The law aims to compensate for damage to persons, property damage and environmental damage caused by activities involving hazardous substances. The three main objectives are: Article 48A states that the State shall strive to protect and improve the environment and secure the country`s forests and wildlife. The Ministry of Environment was established in India in 1980 to ensure a healthy environment in the country. Later, in 1985, it became the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. The Department has overall responsibility for the management and enforcement of environmental laws and policies.

The constitutional provisions are supported by a number of laws – laws and rules. Most of our environmental laws are laws of parliament or state legislators. These laws generally give regulators the power to issue regulations to enforce them. The Environmental Protection Act (EPA) of 1986 came into force shortly after the Bhopal gas tragedy and is considered a protective law because it filled many gaps in existing legislation. The law protects the country`s animal, avian and plant species to ensure environmental safety. Among other things, the law restricts the hunting of many animal species. The law was last amended in 2006. An amendment was submitted to the Rajya Sabha in 2013 and referred to the Standing Committee, but was withdrawn in 2015. Companies that violate the provisions of these environmental laws or regulations are subject to serious consequences. More serious than in other countries for similar violations. Violations in India are punishable by up to 5 years` imprisonment (which is extended to 7 years if the violation continues 1 year after the date of conviction) or fines of up to $1334 – or both.

In the United States, some environmental violations carry a sentence of 6 months to 1 year in prison. In addition, the Indian Liability Insurance Act (1991) is in force to insure damage to public victims or property caused by accidents occurring during the handling of hazardous substances. Since then, a significant number of environmental laws have been enacted to address specific environmental issues. In Delhi, for example, CNG was recently mandatory for public transport vehicles. This reduces air pollution in Delhi. Forests are a vital resource that nature gives to man. Therefore, the protection of the forest ecosystem is the responsibility of every citizen. But rapid deforestation is disrupting the cycle of nature itself. Therefore, it is necessary to enact laws to protect forests. The main objective of the law is to protect forests and their flora, fauna and other diverse ecological components, while preserving the integrity and territory of forests.

In addition, it prevents the conversion of forest areas for agricultural, grazing or other commercial purposes and intentions. Although India`s constitution clearly provides for the protection and improvement of the environment, it was not until the 1970s that the country really began to focus on these issues. And this follows the UN conference in Stockholm in 1972. But since then, India has come a long way. The country has moved from responding to environmental conventions as a commitment to leading by example in sustainability efforts. If we take the example of India, it is one of the countries most affected by climate change. About half of India`s population depends on agriculture or other climate-sensitive sectors. About 12% of India is vulnerable to floods and 16% to droughts.

India is now the third largest emitter of greenhouse gases in the world after China and the United States. From 1990 to 2009, India`s annual emissions nearly tripled from less than 600 tonnes to more than 1,700 tonnes. From 2008 to 2035, India`s annual carbon emissions are expected to increase nearly 2.5 times. Net greenhouse gas emissions from land use, change and forestry in India amounted to 1,727.71 million tonnes of carbon dioxide in 2007. While the energy sector is responsible for 8% of net CO2 emissions, 22%, 17% or 3% of net CO2 emissions from the industrial, agricultural and waste sectors. As a result, climate change and energy are now at the heart of local, state and national concerns around the world. While India has already stressed that it is a developing country with historically low per capita emission rates and is not responsible for past greenhouse gas emissions, India has now become a major player in international negotiations. It has begun to implement a diverse set of laws, improve energy efficiency, develop clean energy, and prepare for the effects of climate change at the national and individual levels. The law received the approval of the President of India on 2 June 2010 and was implemented by the central government under the notification number.

N/A 2569(E) dated October 18, 2010, effective October 18, 2010. The Act provides for the establishment of the NGT to deal with all environmental laws relating to air and water pollution, the Environmental Protection Act, the Forest Protection Act and the Biodiversity Act, as set out in Annex I of the NGT Act. What are the environmental laws in India? What is the history of environmental legislation in India? Read in detail about the environmental laws in India here. In the Taj Mahal case,[15] the Supreme Court issued an order that the coal and coke industries in the Taj Trapezium (TTZ) that harmed Taj must either switch to natural gas or be relocated outside of TTZ. The court was aware that environmental changes are the inevitable consequences of industrial development in our country, but at the same time, the quality of the environment must not be affected by such pollution of air, water and soil that it becomes a danger to the health of the inhabitants of the region. The Court expressed deep concern about the environment, noting that “every citizen has the right to fresh air and to live in a pollution-free environment. As in other countries, these environmental laws set parameters that companies must follow, such as industry-specific air emissions and discharge standards. But the problem is that they do not meet current needs. Even without concrete information, we can confidently say that new environmental laws in India are unlikely to water down existing regulations. (Especially after a major public reaction in the past.) Instead, companies should expect stricter enforcement, streamlined laws, and new regulations to better protect and improve environmental health.

The decision is still considered one of the most important in our country`s environmental law. The decision includes new scenarios and interpretations of legislation and fundamental rights. On the other hand, India is considered a land of spirituality and philosophy and is also the land of rivers as it has 14 large rivers, 44 medium rivers and 55 smaller rivers. From the Ganges in the north to Kaveri in the south, the rivers are considered sacred by most devout Hindu pilgrims, as religious texts claim that the Ganges can purify the sins of bathers.