Legal Juridical Dictionary
The study of law and the structure of the legal system The legal system that originated in England and is now used in the United States, based on the articulation of legal principles in a historical succession of judicial decisions. Common law principles can be changed by statute. Instructions from a judge to the jury before it begins deliberations on the substantive questions to be answered and the legislation to be applied. Squatter: A person who settles on someone else`s property without legal authority to do so and without the consent of the person who has the right to own the property. LIABILITY: legal liability for acts or omissions. Non-insolvency proceedings in which an applicant or creditor attempts to submit its claim to a debtor`s future wages. In other words, the creditor requests that part of the debtor`s future salary be paid to him for a debt owed to him. RIGHT: refers to legal agreements about who a child will live with and how decisions about the child will be made. Custody consists of two parts: legal and physical. Legal custody refers to decision-making authority.
When a parent is awarded sole custody, it means that only they can make important decisions for the child, including, for example, medical/dental and educational decisions. Physical custody refers to where the child lives regularly. If they decide to settle the matter, parents can enter into any custody agreement that is in the best interests of the children. If the court has to decide on custody, the judge must decide what is in the best interests of the children. Back to top APPEAL: Action in which the losing party asks a higher court to review the decision. The Law Dictionary is your free online legal dictionary with Black`s Law Dictionary, the trusted source of legal definitions and terms for over 100 years. The 2nd edition contains over 15,000 legal terms for your commercial and research use. COLLUSION: an agreement between two or more people that one party makes false accusations against the other. In a divorce case, husband and wife may agree to use adultery as a ground for obtaining a divorce more quickly, knowing full well that adultery was not committed.
Collusion is illegal. All shares of ownership of the debtor at the time of bankruptcy. The estate technically becomes the temporary legal owner of all of the debtor`s assets. ANNULMENT: the decision of a court declaring a marriage null and void; It never existed legally. It is only available in certain limited circumstances. Written statements submitted to the court outlining a party`s legal or factual allegations about the case. BREACH OF CONTRACT: Non-compliance with a contractual clause without lawful legal excuse. ABSOLUTE DIVORCE: the definitive dissolution of a marriage. Both parties are legally free to remarry. COMPLAINT: the first document submitted to the clerk of the court to initiate an action by one person or company asserting legal rights against another. Governmental body empowered to settle disputes. Judges sometimes use the term “court” to refer to themselves in the third person, as in “the court read the pleadings.” GROUNDS FOR DIVORCE: the legal basis for a divorce.
The law provides for special circumstances in which a divorce is granted. Before the court pronounces the divorce, the person applying for divorce must prove that these conditions are met. A full-time lawyer hired by federal courts to legally defend defendants who cannot afford a lawyer. The judiciary administers the Federal Defence Counsel Programme in accordance with criminal law. A court decision in a previous case with facts and points of law similar to a dispute currently pending in court. Judges generally “follow precedents,” that is, they use principles established in previous cases to decide new cases that have similar facts and raise similar legal issues. A judge will disregard precedents if a party can prove that the previous case was ill-decided or that it differs significantly from the current case. The primary source for TheFreeDictionary`s legal dictionary is West`s Encyclopedia of American Law, Issue 2, which contains over 4,000 entries describing terms, concepts, events, movements, cases, and individuals relevant to U.S. law. LIMITED DIVORCE: establishes certain legal responsibilities while the parties are separated, but does not end the marriage.
See also Absolute divorce. Johnson calls it a “legal word”: and I certainly have no recollection of hitting him, except in court proceedings. Search more than 10,000 legal words and phrases for clear plain language definitions. An easy-to-follow guide to the legal language of Merriam-Webster`s dictionary experts. INCOMPETENT: A person who does not have the legal skills to manage their own affairs or property. Examples of incompetence include chronic illness or mental illness. A written statement filed in court or an appeal that explains a party`s legal and factual arguments. MINOR: Persons under the legal age, which is usually 18 years old. CIVIL ACTION: a legal proceeding in which one person (plaintiff) sues another person (defendant) who caused him harm or loss. The plaintiff seeks compensation from the defendant for his damages. CRIMINAL PROCEDURE: A court case in which the state prosecutes a person accused of a public crime. The penalty set by law is either a fine that goes to the state, imprisonment, or both.
The legal power of a court to hear and decide a particular type of case. It is also used as a synonym for jurisdiction, i.e. the geographical area over which the court has territorial jurisdiction to rule on cases. In this respect, the work is of interest to a much wider audience than is usually addressed in a legal treatise. Attachment: A court proceeding in which money or property belonging to one person but in the possession of another person is used to settle a debt owed by the first person to the plaintiff in the attachment proceedings. Examples of money that could be seized include salaries or bank accounts. DIVORCE: the dissolution of a marriage by legal action. AVERAGE: a point of contention; Basis of a prosecution.
An action brought by a plaintiff against a defendant based on a claim that the defendant failed to comply with a legal obligation that caused harm to the plaintiff. SUBMISSION: Give your legal documents to the clerk of the court. To define a legal term, enter a word or phrase below. In criminal law, the constitutional guarantee that an accused receives a fair and impartial trial. In civil law, the legal rights of a person who is confronted with an adverse act that threatens liberty or property. The terms “bankruptcy” and “bankruptcy” refer to the application of legislation providing for such legal conditions. The right as set out in previous court decisions. Synonymous with precedent. Similar to the common law, which stems from tradition and judicial decisions. A legal procedure to deal with the debt problems of individuals and companies; in particular, a case filed under one of the chapters of title 11 of the United States Code. He will soon have to emphasize the difference between an act and an act. This action strengthens the status of the Palestinian delegation to the United Nations and could also have other legal consequences.
His works are vast and deal with various subjects, but especially historical and legal. With respect to civil actions in “equity” and not in “law”. In English legal history, courts of “law” could order the payment of damages and could offer no other remedy (see damages). A separate “fairness” tribunal could order someone to do something or stop something (e.g., injunction). In U.S. jurisprudence, federal courts have both legal and just power, but the distinction is always important. For example, a jury trial is generally available in “legal cases,” but not in “fairness” cases. This section provides clear definitions in English of general legal terms used in the Law Library. We would like to thank the Maryland Law Library and the Arkansas Legal Services for much of the following content. GUARDIAN AD LITEM: A person appointed by the court only to bring legal action on behalf of a minor or adult who is incapable of managing his or her own affairs. Duties may include filing a lawsuit for an injured child, defending a lawsuit, or filing a lawsuit against an estate.
Back to top The Legal Dictionary also contains the People`s Law Dictionary by renowned authorities Gerald and Kathleen Hill. It includes definitions, context and use of over 3,000 terms. Considered by academics, lawyers, leading lawyers, and critics to be one of the most practical works of its kind, the People`s Law Dictionary is a comprehensive source of meanings and uses for thousands of today`s most common legal terms. It has received much praise for its scope and clarity. A person or entity to whom the debtor owes money or claims to be owed to the debtor. A written document prepared by the Chapter 11 debtor or other proponent of the plan intended to provide creditors with “reasonable information” to enable them to evaluate the Chapter 11 reorganization plan. A lawsuit brought by a landlord against a tenant to evict the tenant from the rental property – usually for non-payment of rent. JUDGMENT IN ABSENTIA: A judgment rendered in favour of the plaintiff if the defendant fails to appear.