Paris Legal Bar

EU nationals are exempt from practical training and CAPA if they meet certain conditions relating to training and professional experience, but may be required to take an aptitude test in certain situations. Applications should be addressed to the National Bar Council. Applicants must demonstrate that they meet all the requirements to be a fully qualified lawyer in their home country; and, if necessary, they have completed a traineeship in addition to university studies and tests of qualification or professional competence. The routes of access to the profession of lawyer were laid down by the Law of 31 December 1971, as amended by the Law of 11 February 2004, and by the implementing regulation of 21 December 2004 on the professional training of lawyers. 2) Social mission: The Paris Bar has developed access to justice for the greatest number of people through free legal advice. The Paris Bar was founded during the reign of Louis XIV. It now represents nearly 30,000 lawyers, almost half of the lawyers practising in France, with an equal number of men and women in its ranks. Its main objectives are to organize and structure the legal profession, to strengthen training and adapt it to profound changes in society, as well as to expand the role and influence of law in France and abroad. The National Bar Council is currently considering an in-depth reform of initial training; First and foremost, training would focus on internships. The extension of training to 18 months raises both the question of the financing of legal vocational training and the related question of equal access to the profession. However, students receive a fee during their legal internships, and this may also apply to their PPIs. There is also a system of grants awarded by the federal government that help students finance their studies.

However, these do not cover their costs in full or even in large part. The legal profession is regulated mainly by Law No. 90-1259 of 31 December 1990 amending Law No. 71-1130 of 31 December 1971 and by Implementing Decree No. 91-1197 of 27 November 1991. University professors and members of certain legal professions such as judges (Article 97) are exempt from the degree requirements, theoretical and practical training, CAPA and internship. Legal advisers of companies or trade unions, employees of law firms and certain other members of the judiciary are exempt from theoretical and practical training and CAPA if they can prove that they have at least eight years of professional experience (Article 98). CDAs offer a mandatory twenty-hour preparation course for this exam. 4) Economic development mission: The Paris Bar participates in the creation of economic prosperity by advising entrepreneurs and ensuring Paris` leading position in the international legal development market. The National Bar Council may grant an exemption from the examinations if candidates so request with regard to their university or scientific studies; such as dissertations, theses or published articles or books. This means that the National Council does not take into account the professional experience or degree of the candidates. Results of a preliminary study on the situation of human rights defenders in Turkey and the possibility of a return to the death penalty.

During the third semester, law students complete an internship at a law firm. Non-EU nationals are exempt from practical training and CAPA if they meet the requirements of training and professional practice, but must pass an exam to assess their knowledge of French law. Applications should be addressed to the National Bar Council. This assessment test includes: Admission to practice in France is issued by local bar associations (see Conseil National des Barreaux for more details www.CNB.avocat.fr). cnb.avocat.fr/Being-a-Lawyer-in-France-Professional-Regulations-Obligations_a1741.html The signatory organisations are convinced that the death penalty is incompatible with the prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, which is a peremptory norm of international law (jus cogens) and should therefore be abolished. The death penalty is tolerated by international law and international law only to the extent that it can only be imposed for the most serious crimes and applied in a manner that minimizes suffering. However, the undersigned organisations consider that the death penalty, from the death penalty to death, inevitably causes physical harm and psychological suffering equivalent to torture or ill-treatment. 3) Mission to safeguard public freedoms: The Paris Bar promotes and defends human rights in France and around the world and has become a major player in the defense of freedoms. The abolition of the death penalty should be an integral part of crime prevention programmes and criminal justice reforms, but they could establish their professional residence as soon as they were admitted to a bar. A previous internship is no longer required. However, lawyers have several duties: The death penalty and the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment This position shows the extent to which international and regional organizations have already recognized a violation of the prohibition of absolution of torture in the application and imposition of the death penalty.

Traditionally, the Paris Bar is very often called upon when human rights are in danger. She is an active campaigner for the abolition of the death penalty and has been a member of the Steering Committee of the World Coalition Against the Death Penalty since its creation in 2002. The Paris Bar is also a founding member of the International Observatory of Lawyers in Danger (OIAD), founded in 2015. The OIAD`s mission is to defend lawyers threatened to practice their profession and to denounce situations that violate the rights of the defence. Directive 98/5/EC: France also adopted Directive 98/5/EC, which allows fully qualified EU citizens in their own country to practise in France under their home name and to represent their clients in court. After three years of regular practice in France, they can apply for the title of lawyer and be registered with the French Bar. It is necessary to pass the entrance examination to a Faculty of Law (EDA), which universities administer within the framework of the Institute of Judicial Studies (IEJ), as a prerequisite for access to the profession. This examination can only be taken three times and a candidate must have completed the first year of a four-year Master of Laws degree or have an equivalent qualification. Yet most applicants have a second year of law school.

www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000356568 Annual payment to the URSSAF for vocational training. By reasoned decision, the National Bar Council shall determine the number of subjects in which European candidates must take an aptitude test.